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Clinical and Pathological Correlations in Chronic Venous Disease

Raffaele Serra1, Umberto Marcello Bracale2, Caterina Chilà1

  • 1Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL). International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology" at the Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.

Annals of Vascular Surgery
|September 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Biomarkers like VEGF, Fibronectin, and MMP-9 increase with Chronic Venous Disease (CVD) severity. PGP 9.5 levels decrease in later stages, indicating reduced vein wall innervation in varicose veins (VVs).

Keywords:
MMPPGP 9.5VEGFextracellular matrixfibronectinvaricose veins

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