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Human genetic basis of coronavirus disease 2019

Hao Deng1,2,3,4, Xue Yan5,6,7, Lamei Yuan5,6,7,8

  • 1Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. hdeng008@yahoo.com.

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
|September 21, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Host genetic factors influence COVID-19 outcomes. Understanding genetic diversity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can aid in predicting disease severity and developing targeted therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to significant global morbidity and mortality.
  • Observed disparities in COVID-19 incidence, severity, and mortality across diverse populations suggest multifactorial influences, including host genetics.
  • Individual susceptibility and disease outcomes are influenced by a complex interplay of genetic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical and viral characteristics of COVID-19.
  • To explore the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To highlight genetic findings, focusing on genetic diversity and variants in relation to COVID-19 outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing literature on COVID-19.
  • It examines host genetic factors, including ACE, ACE2, TMPRSS2 gene variants, HLA genotypes, and ABO blood groups.
  • The review focuses on the impact of genetic diversity and variants on disease characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Host genetic factors, such as variants in ACE, ACE2, TMPRSS2, HLA genotype, and ABO blood group, play a role in individual susceptibility, severity, and outcomes of COVID-19.
  • Genetic diversity and specific variants contribute to the heterogeneous presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • These genetic underpinnings offer insights into differential disease risk and progression.

Conclusions:

  • The human genetic basis of COVID-19 is crucial for understanding disease heterogeneity.
  • Identifying genetic predispositions can inform disease prediction models.
  • Genetic insights hold potential for developing targeted therapeutic strategies against COVID-19.

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