Milk production and quality patterns of double-purpose goats grazing in arid rangelands

Lactation curves are a valuable tool for improving flock production efficiency, adjusting flock sizes, and improving farmers' income in grazing-based livestock production. Therefore, we used natural cubic splines to estimate (a) a general flock production pattern throughout a year, (b) an average lactation curve, and (c) patterns of milk chemical components in dual-purpose goats grazing in arid plant communities in the Sierra de San Francisco, Baja California Peninsula, during years of abundant precipitation. Also, milk chemical composition was compared between flocks. Annual flock milk production showed a wiggly pattern with two greater waves in summer and spring. The average individual lactation curve (kg/doe/day) and production curves of fat, protein, lactose, and ashes (g/doe/day) showed a decreasing and wiggly pattern across 35-week lactation; the greatest average daily production was in week 2. Milk, protein, lactose, and ash production curves had similar persistency values that were greater than those of the fat production curve. Milk production had a high-positive correlation with fat production and very high-positive correlations with protein, lactose, and ash production. Density (g/ml) and fat, protein, lactose, and ash contents (%) showed a ditch-shaped pattern across lactation, with greater values at the end. Goat flocks grazing across plant communities produced different quality milk. Thus, native plant communities are a valuable resource that favors a great fat content and moderate protein content in local goat milk. Also, breeding programs must pay attention that an increment in individual milk production could decrease fat and protein production, which are valuable for cheesemaking.