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Aetiology of permanent childhood hearing loss at a population level

Karen Liddle1,2, Rachael Beswick3, E Jane Fitzgibbons3

  • 1Child Development Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
|September 21, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Aetiological investigations identified causes for 61.3% of permanent childhood hearing loss cases. Genetic and structural factors were the most common causes identified in this population-level study.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Audiology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Permanent childhood hearing loss (PCHL) affects 0.3% of newborns.
  • Early identification and aetiological investigation are crucial for intervention.
  • Population-level screening programs provide a unique opportunity to study PCHL causes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and describe the results of aetiological investigations for PCHL.
  • To identify the causes of hearing loss in a large cohort of infants and children.
  • To assess the feasibility of a population-level coding scheme for hearing loss aetiology.

Main Methods:

  • Descriptive analysis of a statewide newborn hearing screening program cohort (2013-2017).
  • Confirmed hearing loss via audiological assessment.
  • Medical evaluation by pediatricians/otolaryngologists with stepwise investigations and a coding scheme for aetiology.

Main Results:

  • Permanent hearing loss confirmed in 967 children (0.3%).
  • An aetiological factor was identified in 61.3% of cases with available data (n=873).
  • Genetic (26.8%) and structural (24.9%) causes were most frequent; congenital cytomegalovirus (4.4%) was also noted.

Conclusions:

  • A population-level coding scheme for hearing loss aetiology is feasible.
  • This approach facilitates data collation from multiple sites.
  • The scheme supports outcome mapping and future service planning for hearing loss.
Abstract

Keywords:
aetiologychildhearing losspopulationscreening

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