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Related Concept Videos

Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

1.4K
Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
1.4K
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

23.8K
In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
23.8K
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

22.3K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
22.3K
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

24.5K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
24.5K
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

750
In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
750
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

2.4K
Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
2.4K

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Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents
07:20

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

Published on: May 28, 2014

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Water's Role in Polymorphic Platinum(II) Complexes.

Nathaniel M Barker1, Stephen D Taylor1, Ethan Ferguson1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220, United States.

Inorganic Chemistry
|September 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Solvent inclusion, particularly water, significantly impacts platinum polymorph stability. The red polymorph (1R) is more stable due to stronger intermolecular interactions than the blue polymorph (1B).

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Coordination Chemistry

Background:

  • Solvents critically influence recrystallization and material crystallinity.
  • Solvent inclusion in crystal lattices can alter material stability and utility.
  • Water inclusion in platinum polymorphs affects their structural integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of solvent inclusion on the stability of two platinum polymorphs.
  • To analyze the structural differences between solvated and nonsolvated platinum complexes.
  • To explore the vapochromic properties of platinum polymorphs.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction to determine solid-state structures.
  • Thermogravimetric analysis to assess dehydration behavior.
  • Vibrational spectroscopy to study vapochromic responses.

Main Results:

  • Two platinum polymorphs, [Pt(tpy)Cl]BF4 (1R) and (1B), were studied, alongside a nonsolvated form (2).
  • The red polymorph (1R) demonstrated superior stability compared to the blue polymorph (1B).
  • The blue polymorph (1B) lost crystallinity upon dehydration, forming the nonsolvated form (2).
  • Structural analysis revealed stronger intermolecular interactions in 1R's lattice compared to 1B.
  • Both polymorphs exhibited distinct vapochromic responses to solvent exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Water inclusion in the crystalline lattice significantly impacts the stability of platinum polymorphs.
  • Lattice arrangement and intermolecular interactions dictate the relative stability of polymorphs.
  • The solvated polymorphs display unique solvent-dependent color changes (vapochromism).