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Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells
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Alternative splicing and liver disease.

Marco Baralle1, Francisco E Baralle2

  • 1International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, Italy.

Annals of Hepatology
|September 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Alternative splicing generates diverse protein forms crucial for liver health. Dysregulation of these splicing processes contributes to liver diseases like fatty liver and cancer.

Keywords:
Alcoholic liver diseaseAlternative splicingFibronectinHepatocellular carcinomaIsoformsLiverNon alcoholic fatty liver diseaseRNA binding proteins

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Hepatology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Alternative splicing generates diverse protein isoforms essential for liver development and homeostasis.
  • Altered splicing patterns are increasingly implicated in liver pathologies, potentially due to environmental factors like oxidative stress.
  • The interplay between splicing regulatory proteins and alternative splicing changes influences disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complexity of alternative splicing in liver function and disease.
  • To highlight the link between altered splicing and liver pathologies such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • To emphasize the need for research into molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on selected studies of specific liver pathologies.
  • Analysis of the interplay between splicing regulatory proteins and alternative splicing events.
  • Discussion of the physiological impact of differentially spliced isoforms.

Main Results:

  • Alternative splicing produces protein isoforms vital for metabolic pathways and liver homeostasis.
  • Dysregulated splicing, influenced by external factors, correlates with liver disease progression.
  • A complex interplay exists between splicing factors and splicing outcomes in liver pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding alternative splicing mechanisms is crucial for deciphering liver disease pathogenesis.
  • Identifying key splicing changes and their affected physiological processes can lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate molecular mechanisms and develop prognostic markers for liver diseases.