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Updated: Oct 19, 2025

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection
Published on: August 14, 2019
Survival in influenza virus-related pneumonia by viral subtype: 2016-2020
Efrén Murillo-Zamora1, Xóchitl Trujillo2, Miguel Huerta2
1Departamento de Epidemiología, Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 19, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Javier Mina 301, Col. Centro, C.P. 28000, Colima, Colima, México; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, Col. L as Víboras, C.P. 28040, Colima, Colima, México.
Background:
Influenza remains a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and viral subtype-related differences in disease outcomes have been documented.
Objective:
To characterize the survival experience of adult inpatients with influenza virus-associated pneumonia by viral subtype during five consecutive flu seasons.
Method:
We performed a retrospective cohort study; data from 4,678 adults were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was fitted.
Results:
The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 25.0 per 1,000 hospital days. The survival probabilities from pneumonia patients went from 93.4% (95% CI 92.6-94.1%) by day three to 43.3% (95% CI 39.2-47.4%) by day 30 from hospital admission. In general, the lowest survival rates were observed in patients with AH1N1 infection. In multiple models, after adjusting for comorbidities and when compared with A non-subtyped virus, pneumonia patients with AH3N2 or B strains had a significantly decreased risk of a non-favorable disease outcome. The association of other strains was not significant.
Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that the survival of inpatients with influenza virus-associated pneumonia varies according to the pathogenic viral subtype; the lowest survival rates were observed in patients with AH1N1 infection. This effect was independent of the patients' gender, age, and the analyzed underlying health conditions.
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