Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

424
Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
424
Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

238
The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
238
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

445
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
445
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

393
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
393

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Enhancing validation of case-control omics signatures through "minimalist" single-subject analysis (N-of-1 trials): proof of concept in sepsis.

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA·2026
Same author

Heme-induced ITAM signaling exacerbates malaria-associated neuropathogenesis through activation of platelet mTOR.

Blood·2026
Same author

Heme and hemozoin induce platelet cell death through UPR-induced apoptosis and ferroptosis in vivax malaria.

Blood advances·2025
Same author

Human and mouse platelet transcriptomes and proteomes for phenotyping 3474 genes with hemostatic and platelet traits.

Blood vessels, thrombosis & hemostasis·2025
Same author

Plasma surrogate markers of neutrophil extracellular traps correlate with disease severity in patients with moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Journal of inflammation (London, England)·2025
Same author

The role of platelets and megakaryocytes in sepsis and ARDS.

The Journal of physiology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia
09:49

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia

Published on: February 17, 2023

1.5K

COVID-19-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Lessons from Tissues and Cells.

Elizabeth A Middleton1, Guy A Zimmerman1

  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, 15 North 2030 East, Room #4220, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.

Critical Care Clinics
|September 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Lung histopathology in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reveals diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) as a key finding. However, the underlying mechanisms and clinical correlations of SARS-CoV-2-induced lung injury remain unclear.

Keywords:
ARDSAcute lung injuryCOVID-19HistopathologySARS-CoV-2Vasculopathy

More Related Videos

Mouse Model of Oleic Acid-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
04:45

Mouse Model of Oleic Acid-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Published on: June 2, 2022

2.5K
A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation
07:40

A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation

Published on: August 30, 2019

9.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia
09:49

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia

Published on: February 17, 2023

1.5K
Mouse Model of Oleic Acid-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
04:45

Mouse Model of Oleic Acid-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Published on: June 2, 2022

2.5K
A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation
07:40

A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation

Published on: August 30, 2019

9.1K

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary pathology
  • Infectious disease pathology
  • Histopathology of viral pneumonia

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection causes complex lung injury affecting airways, alveoli, and pulmonary vessels.
  • Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) is the characteristic histologic lesion in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) lung injury.
  • Understanding COVID-19 lung pathology is crucial for clinical management and research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on lung histopathology in COVID-19.
  • To highlight the significance of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To identify knowledge gaps regarding the mechanisms and clinical implications of COVID-19-associated lung injury.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published literature on lung histopathology in COVID-19 patients.
  • Analysis of autopsy and biopsy findings.
  • Correlation of histologic patterns with clinical data.

Main Results:

  • Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) is consistently observed in severe COVID-19 lung disease.
  • Histologic findings involve airways, alveoli, and pulmonary vasculature.
  • Other patterns of lung injury, potentially variant phenotypes, have also been reported.

Conclusions:

  • Lung histopathology, particularly DAD, is a critical feature of COVID-19.
  • The biological and molecular drivers of SARS-CoV-2-induced DAD are largely unknown.
  • Further research is needed to define the relationship between COVID-19 lung pathology, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and clinical outcomes.