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Evaluating Psychosocial Problems in School-Age Children with Cleft Lip and Palate in Bandung, Indonesia Using
Hardisiswo Soedjana1, Kristaninta Bangun2, Sitha Christine3
1106075University of Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.
Insights
This study found 6.7% of Indonesian school-age children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) experience psychosocial problems post-surgery. The COVID-19 pandemic impacted activity levels, highlighting the need for ongoing support.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Psychology
- Craniofacial Surgery
- Public Health
Background:
- Cleft lip with or without palate (CL/P) can affect essential childhood functions like eating, speaking, and hearing.
- Post-surgical psychosocial well-being in children with CL/P requires thorough evaluation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess psychosocial problems in Indonesian school-age patients with CL/P after surgical intervention.
- To identify specific areas of concern and inform long-term care strategies.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study utilizing parent-reported data from 104 Indonesian children with unilateral CL/P.
- Employed the Bahasa Indonesia version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/6-18) for assessment.
- Descriptive statistics analyzed based on established norms and score ranges.
Main Results:
- Parents perceived no speech or appearance issues in 34.6% of post-surgery participants.
- Most parents reported normal social and school functioning (93.3% and 92.3%, respectively).
- Significant challenges were noted in the Activities scale (78.8% below normal) due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions.
- 6.7% of children scored in the borderline or clinical range for behavioral concerns, with 15.4% of parents reporting critical items.
Conclusions:
- Approximately 6.7% of school-age children with CL/P in this cohort exhibited psychosocial problems.
- Findings underscore the importance of monitoring long-term psychosocial adjustment in post-operative CL/P patients.
- The study provides insights into the prevalence and nature of psychosocial challenges faced by children with CL/P.
Background:
Cleft lip with or without palate (CL ± P) may impact children's eating, drinking, speaking, breathing, and hearing. We aim to evaluate psychosocial problems in Indonesian cleft center school-age patients identified after one or more surgical interventions.
Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study of parent report of patients with unilateral CL ± P who had cleft surgery from 2011 to 2016 in the Bandung Cleft Center using the Bahasa Indonesia version of CBCL/6-18 questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were completed based on measure norms and score ranges.
Results:
There were 104 participants (56.7% male) with a median age of 8 years old and 73.0% had unilateral cleft of lip, gum, and palate. We found that speech and appearance problems were not perceived by parents for 34.6% of participants after undergoing surgery. The majority of parents reported normal range scores for the Social scale (93.3%) and the School scale (92.3%). In contrast, largely due to the restrictions in the covid-19 pandemic, 78.8% of the patients had below normal range scores for the Activities scale. Borderline or Clinical range scores were reported for 6.7% of children on the Problem Items section and 15.4% of parents endorsed one or more Critical Items about their children, which indicate significant behavioral concerns.
Conclusion:
In this study, we found 6.7% of the school-age children population with CL/P had psychosocial problems. The result of this study hopefully can shed some light in the long-term psychosocial conditions of the CL/P children post-operatively.
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