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Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction02:23

Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction

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Reduction is a simple strategy to convert a carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group. The three major pathways to reduce carbonyls to alcohols are catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, and borane reduction.
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
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Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization
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Electroreductive 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Dimerization on Carbon Electrodes.

Ricarda Kloth1,2, Dmitry V Vasilyev1, Karl J J Mayrhofer1,2

  • 1Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.

Chemsuschem
|September 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electrochemical conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to fuel precursors was studied on various carbon electrodes. Glassy carbon showed varied selectivity, while boron-doped diamond favored the desired product, 5,5′-bis(hydroxymethyl)hydrofuroin (BHH).

Keywords:
5-hydroxymethylfurfuralbiomass upgradingdimerizationelectrocatalysisrenewable fuels

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Green Chemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Electrochemical conversion of biomass-derived compounds offers a sustainable route to fuels and chemical intermediates.
  • Defossilizing the transportation sector requires efficient methods for converting renewable resources into usable energy carriers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electrohydrodimerization of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 5,5′-bis(hydroxymethyl)hydrofuroin (BHH) using different carbon electrodes.
  • To understand the influence of electrode material, applied potential, and HMF concentration on product selectivity and reaction efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical reduction of HMF on various carbon electrodes, including boron-doped diamond (BDD), glassy carbon (GC), and graphite foil.
  • Analysis of product selectivity (BHH vs. 2,5-di(hydroxymethyl)furan (DHMF)) and faradaic efficiency under varying potentials and HMF concentrations.

Main Results:

  • Glassy carbon electrodes exhibited a less negative HMF reduction onset potential and a shift in selectivity towards DHMF with increasing overpotential compared to BDD.
  • On BDD electrodes, electrohydrodimerization to BHH was the dominant reaction pathway, largely independent of applied potential.
  • Increased initial HMF concentration suppressed hydrogen evolution and DHMF formation, enhancing BHH faradaic efficiency, but decreased BHH selectivity due to HMF degradation.
  • Graphite foil was identified as a viable, low-cost electrocatalyst for HMF reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Electrode material choice significantly impacts the selectivity of HMF electroreduction, with BDD favoring BHH formation.
  • Optimizing HMF concentration is crucial for maximizing BHH yield while mitigating degradation pathways.
  • Simple carbon materials like graphite foil demonstrate potential for efficient HMF electroreduction, paving the way for sustainable fuel precursor synthesis.