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Accessing Plasmonic Hotspots Using Nanoparticle-on-Foil Constructs.

Rohit Chikkaraddy¹, Jeremy J Baumberg¹

¹NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.

|September 23, 2021

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We developed a nanoparticle-on-foil (NPoF) system for enhanced light confinement. This new design allows easier light coupling into plasmonic nanocavities, overcoming limitations of previous nanoparticle-on-mirror (NPoM) systems.

Area of Science:

Plasmonics
Nanophotonics
Metamaterials

Background:

Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) nanogaps in nanoparticle-on-mirror (NPoM) geometries offer extreme light confinement (V/Vλ < 10⁻⁶).
Coupling light into and out of these NPoM hotspots is challenging due to impedance mismatch between trapped light and free-space waves.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel nanoparticle-on-foil (NPoF) system for improved light access to plasmonic hotspots.
To demonstrate multichannel light coupling into plasmonic nanocavities using the NPoF geometry.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of NPoF systems using thin metal films.
Experimental characterization using white-light scattering and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).
Analysis of insulator-metal-insulator (IMI) and MIM gap mode mixing to form MIMI modes.

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Main Results:

The NPoF system exhibits MIMI modes resulting from the mixing of IMI and MIM modes.
This mode mixing enables multichannel access to the plasmonic nanocavity from both sides of the metal film.
Experimental measurements show red-tuning and strong near-field enhancement for MIMI modes in thinner foils.

Conclusions:

NPoF systems provide a versatile platform for accessing tightly confined light.
The geometry facilitates simple, multichannel light coupling, overcoming NPoM limitations.
NPoF systems hold promise for applications requiring efficient light manipulation at the nanoscale.