Robotics, imaging, and artificial intelligence in the catheterisation laboratory.

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Interventions
• Medical Imaging Technology
• Interventional Cardiology

Background:

• The catheterisation laboratory integrates diagnosis and therapeutics using advanced imaging and interventional tools like balloons and stents.
• Current practices rely heavily on X-ray imaging for coronary interventions, necessitating advancements in visualization and radiation safety.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent progress in image-based coronary interventions.
• To highlight the integration of novel imaging, AI, and robotics in interventional cardiology.
• To discuss challenges and future directions in the field.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature and emerging technologies in interventional cardiology.
• Focus on advancements in imaging modalities, including 3D/4D presentations and co-registration.
• Exploration of AI, machine learning, robotic catheterisation, and remote procedures.

Main Results:

• Novel imaging tools enhance visualization and interpretation of coronary stenosis.
• AI and machine learning show promise for patient care through large dataset analysis, pending data sharing solutions.
• Robotic catheterisation offers improved precision and reduced radiation exposure.
• Remote procedures demonstrate potential for global knowledge sharing and access to expertise.

Conclusions:

• Image-based coronary interventions are rapidly evolving with new technologies.
• Overcoming data sharing barriers is crucial for AI and machine learning implementation.
• Robotic and remote interventions represent the future of interventional cardiology, potentially expanding access to care, especially in neurovascular interventions.