The Adenosine Pathway and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Inflammation

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Virology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases the risk of comorbidities and mortality.
• Chronic inflammation and immune activation persist in HIV patients even with viral suppression.
• The adenosine pathway normally regulates inflammation but is impaired in HIV infection.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the function of purinergic signaling and the adenosine pathway in HIV-associated inflammation.
• To discuss therapeutic strategies targeting the adenosine pathway for HIV patients.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of purinergic signaling and adenosine pathway function.
• Analysis of the role of adenosine signaling in HIV-associated chronic inflammation.
• Evaluation of pharmacotherapeutic strategies targeting the adenosine pathway.

Main Results:

• HIV infection disrupts the adenosine pathway, hindering its anti-inflammatory capacity.
• Derangements in adenosine signaling contribute to persistent inflammation in HIV.
• Targeting the adenosine pathway presents both potential benefits and risks for HIV management.

Conclusions:

• The adenosine pathway plays a critical role in regulating inflammation in HIV.
• Dysregulation of adenosine signaling is a key factor in HIV-associated comorbidities.
• Pharmacological interventions targeting the adenosine pathway require careful consideration for efficacy and safety in people with HIV.