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Field-Tunable Interactions and Frustration in Underlayer-Mediated Artificial Spin Ice.
Susan Kempinger1,2, Yu-Sheng Huang1, Paul Lammert1
1Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA.
Physical Review Letters
|September 24, 2021
Summary
Researchers controlled nanomagnet interactions in artificial spin ice using a ferromagnetic underlayer. This method introduces directional correlations and allows for inducing frustration in magnetic systems.
Area of Science:
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Materials Science
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Artificial spin ice (ASI) systems enable the study of model magnetic systems by controlling nanomagnet interactions.
- Previous control methods involved altering nanomagnet size and array geometry.
- A need exists for further control mechanisms to explore complex magnetic phenomena.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effect of a soft ferromagnetic underlayer on the interactions within artificial spin ice.
- To demonstrate a new method for controlling magnetic correlations and inducing frustration in ASI systems.
- To explore novel effective geometries in two-dimensional nanomagnetic systems.
Main Methods:
- Fabrication of artificial spin ice arrays on a soft ferromagnetic underlayer.
- Spatially resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) microscopy for imaging magnetic states.
- Analysis of demagnetized ground states and correlation functions.
Main Results:
- The ferromagnetic underlayer breaks array symmetry and introduces directional correlations.
- The correlation of demagnetized states is dependent on the underlayer magnetization direction.
- Relative interaction strengths between neighboring nanomagnets vary with array geometry.
- Frustration was successfully induced in an unfrustrated square lattice geometry.
Conclusions:
- A soft ferromagnetic underlayer provides an effective means to control interactions in artificial spin ice.
- This approach offers new possibilities for designing effective geometries and exploring complex magnetic states.
- The findings advance the understanding and application of two-dimensional nanomagnetic systems.
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