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Nonequilibrium Phase Transition to Anomalous Diffusion and Transport in a Basic Model of Nonlinear Brownian Motion
Igor Goychuk1, Thorsten Pöschel1
1Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
Abstract:
We investigate a basic model of nonlinear Brownian motion in a thermal environment, where nonlinear friction interpolates between viscous Stokes and dry Coulomb friction. We show that superdiffusion and supertransport emerge as a nonequilibrium critical phenomenon when such a Brownian motion is driven out of thermal equilibrium by a constant force. Precisely at the edge of a phase transition, velocity fluctuations diverge asymptotically and diffusion becomes superballistic. The autocorrelation function of velocity fluctuations in this nonergodic regime exhibits a striking aging behavior.
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