Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Impact of Reduced Resistance Exercise Volume on Metabolic Health
Published on: December 1, 2023
Effectiveness of empowerment-based intervention on HbA1c and self-efficacy among cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus:
Yanyan Chen1, Yao Tian2, Xiaohong Sun3
1School of Public Administration, Tianjin Vocational Institute, Tianjin, China.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of empowerment-based interventions on glucose metabolism control and psychosocial self-efficacy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods:
The Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science electronic databases were searched up to 22 February 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effectiveness of empowerment-based intervention versus conventional treatment in type 2 diabetes cases. At least two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted data and evaluated the methodological quality. We calculated the pooled effect size using the mean difference (MD) or standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) through RevMan V 5.4.1.
Results:
Fifteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were eligible for inclusion in the present study. A total of 2344 adults (1128 in the intervention groups and 1216 in the control) were covered. Five of these studies involved 671 cases of psychosocial self-efficacy, and 4 studies included 622 cases of diabetes knowledge. The meta-analysis showed that compared to routine care, empowerment-based intervention was associated with reduced glycated hemoglobin levels (SMD -0.20; 95% CI -0.31 to -0.08; Z = 3.40, P < .001, I2 = 42%), increased diabetes empowerment scores (SMD 0.24; 95% CI 0.10-0.37; Z = 3.42, P < .001, I2 = 0%), and increased diabetes knowledge scores (SMD 0.96; 95% CI 0.55-1.36; Z = 4.61, P < .001, I2 = 80%).
Conclusions:
Empowerment-based intervention in adults with T2DM results in improvements in glycated hemoglobin, psychosocial self-efficacy and diabetes knowledge.
Related Concept Videos
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques VI
Motivation and Self-Determination
Motivation, the driving force behind behavior, plays a pivotal role at every stage of the change process. The research...

