A late-surviving stem-ctenophore from the Late Devonian of Miguasha (Canada)

Like other soft-bodied organisms, ctenophores (comb jellies) produce fossils only under exceptional taphonomic conditions. Here, we present the first record of a Late Devonian ctenophore from the Escuminac Formation from Miguasha in eastern Canada. Based on the 18-fold symmetry of this disc-shaped fossil, we assign it to the total-group Ctenophora. Our phylogenetic analyses suggest that the new taxon Daihuoides jakobvintheri gen. et sp. nov. falls near Cambrian stem ctenophores such as 'dinomischids' and 'scleroctenophorans'. Accordingly, Daihuoides is a Lazarus-taxon, which post-dates its older relatives by over 140 million years, and overlaps temporally with modern ctenophores, whose oldest representatives are known from the Early Devonian. Our analyses also indicate that the fossil record of ctenophores does not provide strong evidence for or against the phylogenomic hypothesis that ctenophores are sister to all other metazoans.