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Related Concept Videos

Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood01:25

Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood

Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of thinking in a child's learning process, suggesting that children are naturally curious about their environment. His approach to development is discontinuous, proposing that cognitive abilities progress through distinct stages, each with unique characteristics. Central to Piaget's theory is schemata—mental structures that allow individuals to understand and interpret the world.
Schemata: Building Blocks of Knowledge
Schemata...
Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the recognition that people have...
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are themselves.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

2D and 3D Echocardiography in the Axolotl Ambystoma Mexicanum
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Exploring Larval Axolotl Brain Development: Insights Into Developmental and Functional Constraints.

Laurent Houle1, Olivier Larouche2, Richard Cloutier1,3

  • 1Laboratoire de Paléontologie et Biologie évolutive, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada.

Evolution & Development
|March 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Mexican axolotl brain development shows stable regions like the hypothalamus and dynamic sensory areas. This suggests a mix of functional and developmental constraints shape vertebrate brain evolution.

Keywords:
Ambystoma mexicanumintegrationmodularityneurobiologyontogeny

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Vertebrate brain evolution is explained by mosaic (functional constraints) and concerted (developmental constraints) models.
  • The Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) offers a model for studying post-hatching brain maturation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Describe brain shape and volume changes in developing Mexican axolotl larvae.
  • Interpret functional and developmental constraints on brain maturation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 3D geometric morphometrics and volumetric measurements from iodine micro-CT imaging on 77 larvae across four developmental stages.
  • Employed morphological integration and modularity analyses to assess shape covariation patterns.

Main Results:

  • The telencephalon-diencephalon boundary and hypothalamus showed low morphological variation.
  • Olfactory bulbs and optic tectum exhibited positive allometric growth, shifting to isometric growth later.
  • Brain region volumes generally corresponded with total brain volume, supporting the concerted model.

Conclusions:

  • Axolotl brain development appears influenced by an interplay of functional and developmental constraints.
  • Stable brain regions may impact skull morphogenesis, while sensory areas show adaptive growth patterns.