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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Creep01:28

Factors Affecting Creep

239
In normal-weight aggregate concrete, the hardened cement paste is the primary contributor to creep, whereas the aggregates, being stiffer than the cement paste, are more resilient to stress-induced deformation. The stiffness of the aggregates is defined by their modulus of elasticity, and the more voluminous they are in the concrete, the less it will creep.
Further, the water/cement ratio is critical, as a lower ratio increases concrete strength, thus reducing creep. The strength of the...
239
Creep in Concrete01:22

Creep in Concrete

571
Creep refers to the time-dependent increase in strain under a sustained load, excluding other time-dependent deformations associated with shrinkage, swelling, and thermal expansion in concrete. The primary mechanism behind creep involves the loss of physically adsorbed water from the calcium silicate hydrate within the hydrated cement paste. This process is further exacerbated by concrete's non-linear stress-strain relationship, microcrack development in the interfacial transition zone, and...
571
Effects of Creep01:25

Effects of Creep

248
Creep in concrete, the gradual deformation under prolonged stress, significantly impacts the integrity of structures. For reinforced concrete beams, it can be a vital design consideration, as it increases deflection, sometimes necessitating additional design measures. In columns, especially slender ones under eccentric loads, creep can cause buckling, compromising their stability. However, creep can be beneficial in indeterminate structures by mitigating stresses that arise from shrinkage,...
248
Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials01:24

Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials

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The stress-strain relationship in ductile materials such as structural steel or aluminium is intricate and progresses through several stages. When a specimen is loaded, it initially exhibits a linear length increase, depicted by a steep straight line on the stress-strain diagram. It indicates the material is elastically deforming and will return to its original shape once unloaded. However, when a critical stress value is reached, plastic deformation begins. This stage sees substantial...
1.1K
Normal Strain under Axial Loading01:20

Normal Strain under Axial Loading

746
Normal strain under axial loading is an important concept in the field of mechanics of materials. Axial loading implies the application of a force along the axis of a material, like a column or bar. This force can either compress or stretch the material. In the context of axial loading, normal strain is the deformation experienced by the material in the direction of the loading force. It's calculated as the change in length divided by the original length of the material. This unitless ratio...
746
Stress-Strain Diagram - Brittle Materials01:24

Stress-Strain Diagram - Brittle Materials

3.0K
Brittle materials, including glass, cast iron, and stone, exhibit unique characteristics. They fracture without considerable change in their elongation rate, indicating that their breaking and ultimate strength are equivalent. Such materials also show lower strain levels at the point of rupture. The failure in brittle materials predominantly results from normal stresses, as evidenced by the rupture created along a surface perpendicular to the applied load. These materials do not display...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Measuring Material Microstructure Under Flow Using 1-2 Plane Flow-Small Angle Neutron Scattering
09:08

Measuring Material Microstructure Under Flow Using 1-2 Plane Flow-Small Angle Neutron Scattering

Published on: February 6, 2014

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Characterization of Creep Damage in Metals Using Small Angle Neutron Scattering.

E R Fuller1, R J Fields1, T-J Chuang1

  • 1National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC 20234.

Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards (1977)
|September 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Creep damage in metals is caused by cavities and cracks. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) is a valuable experimental method for studying the early stages of creep cavity formation and growth.

Keywords:
creep cavitationcreep crack growthcreep damagecreep fracturehigh temperature failure of metalssmall angle neutron scattering

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Metallurgy
  • Physics

Background:

  • Creep damage in polycrystalline metals arises from cavitation and cracking at grain interfaces.
  • Existing theories of creep cavitation require experimental validation and refinement.
  • A lack of suitable experimental techniques has hindered the advancement of creep cavitation theories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current theories of creep cavitation.
  • To highlight the potential of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) as an experimental tool.
  • To demonstrate the suitability of SANS for studying creep cavity nucleation and early growth.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing creep cavitation theories.
  • Application of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) and other facilities.
  • Analysis of SANS data to characterize creep cavity formation.

Main Results:

  • SANS studies have confirmed the technique's efficacy in observing creep cavity nucleation.
  • SANS is effective in monitoring the early stages of creep cavity growth.
  • The experimental data obtained via SANS complements theoretical models.

Conclusions:

  • Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) is a powerful experimental approach for investigating creep damage mechanisms.
  • The application of SANS provides crucial data for refining and validating creep cavitation theories.
  • Further utilization of SANS will drive progress in understanding and mitigating creep damage in metallic materials.