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Size and Refractive Index Determination of Single Polystyrene Spheres.

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Development of a One-Micrometer-Diameter Particle Size Standard Reference Material.

G W Mulholland1, A W Hartman1, G G Hembree1

  • 1National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.

Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards (1977)
|September 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The average diameter of the 1 μm polystyrene particle size standard was accurately determined using three methods. The most precise measurement, 0.895±0.007 μm, was achieved through light scattering in an aqueous suspension.

Keywords:
Mie scatteringarray sizingindex of refractionlight scatteringparticle countingparticle size standardspolystyrene spheressize distributiontransmission electron microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Metrology
  • Particle Science
  • Optical Physics

Background:

  • Accurate particle size standards are crucial for calibration in various scientific and industrial applications.
  • Standard Reference Material 1690 is a widely used 1 μm polystyrene sphere standard.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To accurately determine the average diameter of the first micrometer particle size standard (SRM 1690).
  • To compare the accuracy and precision of three independent measurement techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Light scattering intensity measurements as a function of angle for spheres in aqueous suspension (He-Ne laser).
  • Light scattering intensity measurements for individual spheres in air (He-Cd laser, polarized light).
  • Optical microscopy of close-packed spheres to measure row length.

Main Results:

  • All three techniques yielded average diameters agreeing within 0.5%.
  • The most accurate diameter determined was 0.895±0.007 μm via light scattering in aqueous suspension.
  • Detailed size distribution analysis revealed a standard deviation of 0.0095 μm and 1.5% agglomerated doublets.

Conclusions:

  • Independent techniques confirm the accuracy of the determined particle diameter.
  • Light scattering from aqueous suspensions provides a highly accurate method for calibrating micrometer-sized particles.
  • The study provides comprehensive characterization of the particle size standard, including size distribution and agglomeration.