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Related Concept Videos

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Sex Stratified Neuronal Cultures to Study Ischemic Cell Death Pathways
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Vascular Dementia and Underlying Sex Differences.

Firoz Akhter1, Alicia Persaud1, Younis Zaokari1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.

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|September 27, 2021
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Summary

Vascular dementia (VaD), the second most common dementia, affects men and women differently. This review explores sex and gender disparities in VaD risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseasegendermulti-infarct dementiasexvascular dementia

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second leading cause of dementia, accounting for 20% of cases.
  • VaD results from reduced blood flow to the brain, also known as vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) or multi-infarct dementia (MID).
  • Subtle sex and gender differences in VaD presentation are often overlooked, with limited research historically.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamentals of VaD.
  • To focus on sex and gender differences in VaD diagnosis and presentation.
  • To examine evidence on sex and gender disparities in VaD risk factors and explore treatment and mitigation strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing VaD fundamentals.
  • Critical evidence synthesis on sex and gender differences in VaD.
  • Exploration of risk factors, pharmaceutical treatments, and mitigation strategies.

Main Results:

  • VaD has distinct presentations and risk factor profiles between sexes and genders.
  • Key risk factors examined include health conditions, genetics, aging, hormones, and environment.
  • Current research on sex and gender differences in VaD is limited but growing.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding sex and gender differences is crucial for effective VaD diagnosis and management.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate and address these disparities.
  • Personalized approaches considering sex and gender may improve VaD treatment and prevention.