Primary Testis Leiomyosarcoma: A Case Report

Area of Science:

• Urology
• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Primary leiomyosarcoma of the testis is exceptionally rare.
• Typically associated with radiotherapy or anabolic steroid use.
• This report details a unique case without known predisposing factors.

Observation:

• A 53-year-old male presented with painless testicular enlargement.
• Ultrasound identified a large, heterogeneous solid lesion in the left testis.
• Serum tumor markers, including alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (beta-HCG), were normal.

Findings:

• Histological assessment post-left radical orchidectomy confirmed primary leiomyosarcoma of the testis.
• No evidence of metastatic disease was found.
• The patient received no adjuvant therapy and showed no recurrence after one year.

Implications:

• Leiomyosarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of testicular tumors, especially seronegative ones.
• This case underscores the importance of considering rare diagnoses in inguinoscrotal pathology.
• Further research into the etiology and management of primary testicular leiomyosarcoma is warranted.