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3D-Printed electrochemical sensor-integrated transwell systems.

Pradeep Ramiah Rajasekaran1, Ashley Augustiny Chapin1,2, David N Quan2

  • 1Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA.

Microsystems & Nanoengineering
|September 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel 3D-printed transwell system integrates electrochemical sensors for real-time, in situ monitoring of cellular events. This innovation eliminates sample extraction, offering direct access to cellular and molecular data without complex microfluidics.

Keywords:
ChemistryElectrical and electronic engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cell Biology
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Conventional transwell systems lack in situ monitoring capabilities, requiring sample extraction for analysis.
  • Downstream omics and microfluidics add complexity and potential for sample alteration.
  • There is a need for integrated systems enabling direct, real-time cellular and molecular analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a 3D-printed, modular, electrochemical sensor-integrated transwell system.
  • To enable in situ monitoring of cellular and molecular events without sample extraction.
  • To provide direct, real-time access to physical and biochemical information from cell cultures.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication using 3D printing, shadow masking, and molding for a modular, autoclavable, and biocompatible system.
  • Integration of a flexible porous membrane as a cell culture substrate.
  • Incorporation of multimodal electrochemical sensors (impedance and cyclic voltammetry) on the membrane.

Main Results:

  • Impedance sensors detected changes in cell attachment and growth via capacitance shifts due to extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion.
  • Cyclic voltammetry sensors enabled real-time molecular release detection across the membrane.
  • Demonstrated a significant (three orders of magnitude) localized signal for ferrocene dimethanol injection.

Conclusions:

  • The developed system offers unprecedented direct, real-time, and noninvasive access to cellular and molecular data.
  • It overcomes limitations of conventional transwell systems by enabling in situ analysis.
  • This technology facilitates advanced cellular monitoring and research without complex downstream processing.