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Viscosity of Fluid01:19

Viscosity of Fluid

821
Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
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Viscoelastic microfluidics: progress and challenges.

Jian Zhou1, Ian Papautsky1

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.

Microsystems & Nanoengineering
|September 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viscoelastic microfluidics enables precise 3D focusing of cells and particles. Understanding competing forces in these non-Newtonian flows advances microfluidic applications in diagnostics and research.

Keywords:
3D focusingElastic and inertial forceMicrofluidicsNumerical modelingParticle separation and cell sortingViscoelastic flow

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Biophysics
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Viscoelastic microfluidics offers unique capabilities for manipulating cells and particles.
  • Single-stream 3D focusing is achievable in simple microchannel designs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review viscoelastic fluid physics and hydrodynamic forces in microchannels.
  • To identify competing forces governing particle and cell migration.
  • To discuss advancements and challenges in viscoelastic microfluidic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of viscoelastic fluid physics.
  • Analysis of hydrodynamic forces.
  • Identification of competing force pairs governing migration.

Main Results:

  • Multiple factors (elasticity, inertia, rheology, particle properties, channel geometry) interact to control migration.
  • Three key pairs of competing forces/effects dictate viscoelastic migration dynamics.
  • Focusing positions and migration dynamics are influenced by these interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Improved understanding of viscoelastic flows enhances microfluidic platform sophistication.
  • Potential for increased use in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research.
  • Further research needed to address remaining challenges in the field.