Weakly supervised multitask learning models to identify symptom onset time of unclear-onset intracerebral hemorrhage

Approximately one-third of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients did not know the onset time and were excluded from studies about time-dependent treatments for hyperacute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

To help clinicians explore the benefit of time-dependent treatments for unclear-onset patients, we presented artificial intelligence models to identify onset time using non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) based on weakly supervised multitask learning (WS-MTL) structure.

The patients with reliable symptom onset time (strong label) or repeat CT (weak label) were included and split into training set and test set (internal and external). The WS-MTL structure utilized strong and weak labels simultaneously to improve performance. The models included three binary classification models for classifying whether NCCT acquired within 6, 8 or 12 h for different treatments measured by area under curve, and a regression model for determining the exact onset time measured by mean absolute error. The generalizability of models was also explored in comprehensive analysis.

A total of 4004 patients with 10,780 NCCT scans were included. The performance of WS-MTL classification model showed high accuracy, and that of regression model was satisfactory in ≤6 h subgroup. In comprehensive analysis, the WS-MTL showed better performance for larger hematomas and thinner scans. And the performance improved effectively as training amounts increasing and could be improved steadily through retraining.

The WS-MTL models showed good performance and generalizability. Considering the large number of unclear-onset spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients, it may be worth to integrate the WS-MTL model into clinical practice to identify the onset time.