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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

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Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
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Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

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Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Correction: Komatsu et al. Three-Dimensional Visualization and Detection of the Pulmonary Venous-Left Atrium Connection Using Artificial Intelligence in Fetal Cardiac Ultrasound Screening. <i>Bioengineering</i> 2026, <i>13</i>, 100.

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Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
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Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying COVID-19 Pathogenesis.

Syuzo Kaneko1,2, Ken Takasawa1,2, Ken Asada1,2

  • 1Division of Medical AI Research and Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.

Biomedicines
|September 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetics influences severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and COVID-19 pathogenesis. Understanding these epigenetic mechanisms may lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.

Keywords:
ACE2COVID-19DNA methylationSARS-CoV-2epigeneticshistone modificationsnon-coding RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, continues to evolve with new variants, necessitating a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis.
  • Current treatments for COVID-19 are limited, and the underlying mechanisms of the disease remain incompletely understood.
  • Epigenetic modifications are emerging as critical factors in viral infections, including the regulation of ACE2 receptor expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of epigenetic mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 pathogenesis.
  • To propose a molecular framework for understanding COVID-19 based on epigenetic factors.
  • To explore the potential of epigenetic strategies for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on epigenetic mechanisms related to SARS-CoV-2.
  • Analysis of studies investigating DNA methylation and gene expression in COVID-19 patients.
  • Synthesis of current research on epigenetic regulation of ACE2 receptor.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic regulation plays a significant role in the expression of the ACE2 receptor, a key entry point for SARS-CoV-2.
  • Distinct DNA methylation patterns have been observed in patients with COVID-19.
  • Epigenetic alterations may contribute to the diverse clinical manifestations of COVID-19.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms offer a novel molecular framework for understanding SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.
  • Targeting epigenetic pathways presents a promising avenue for developing new diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions for COVID-19.
  • Further research into the epigenetics of COVID-19 is crucial for advancing patient care and pandemic control.