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Applications Of NMR In Biology01:25

Applications Of NMR In Biology

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
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Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Measuring the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Magnetic Field Dependence of Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate
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Detecting Dye-Contaminated Vegetables Using Low-Field NMR Relaxometry.

Sumaiya Shomaji1, Naren Vikram Raj Masna1, David Ariando1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, 216 Larsen Hall, P.O. Box 116200, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 28, 2021
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Summary

Harmful dyes in vegetables pose a health risk. This study uses 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry to detect and quantify these non-food-grade adulterants, ensuring food safety.

Keywords:
dye additivesfood adulterationnuclear magnetic resonancerelaxometry

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Non-food-grade dyes like copper sulfate, malachite green, and Sudan red are illegally used to enhance vegetable appearance.
  • Consumption of these dyed vegetables presents significant health risks, including potential carcinogenicity.
  • Ensuring the safety of the food supply chain requires reliable methods for detecting such adulteration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a method for detecting and quantifying harmful dye adulteration in vegetables.
  • To establish 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry as a tool for food safety analysis.
  • To provide a rapid and low-cost detection approach for use throughout the produce supply chain.

Main Methods:

  • Vegetables were treated with various non-food-grade dyes and extracted using different solvents.
  • 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry, specifically employing the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse sequence, was used to analyze the solutions.
  • The effective transverse relaxation time constant (T2) was measured and compared against a library of dye-specific T2 data.

Main Results:

  • The NMR relaxometry technique successfully detected and quantified the presence of specific dyes in vegetable samples.
  • The method demonstrated the ability to differentiate between various dye concentrations based on their unique T2 signatures.
  • Analysis time was found to be rapid, typically within minutes, depending on the specific dye.

Conclusions:

  • 1H-NMR relaxometry offers a viable, low-cost, and rapid method for detecting and quantifying harmful dye adulteration in vegetables.
  • The technique can generate warning flags for non-compliant dye levels, contributing to enhanced food safety.
  • This approach is applicable across various points in the food supply chain, from production to consumer households.