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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Protein-Related Factors01:20

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Protein-Related Factors

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Drug binding to proteins is a key aspect of pharmacokinetics and can influence a drug's distribution, absorption, and elimination in the body. Several factors, including the drug's physiochemical properties, protein concentration, disease states, and the number of binding sites on the protein, influence this process.
The physicochemical properties of a drug play a significant role in its ability to bind to proteins. Lipophilic drugs, which dissolve in fats, oils, and lipids, can be...
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Drug Distribution: Plasma Protein Binding01:29

Drug Distribution: Plasma Protein Binding

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Drugs predominantly attach to plasma proteins, with only a small percentage remaining unbound. The unbound portion can be calculated as one minus the bound fraction. Acidic drugs form large, inactive complexes by reversibly binding to plasma albumin, which prevents them from diffusing across biological barriers. These drug-protein complexes act as reservoirs for the drugs. As the concentration of unbound drugs decreases, these complexes quickly dissociate to release the free drug, maintaining...
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Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Patient-Related Factors01:29

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Patient-Related Factors

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Protein-drug binding, a pivotal aspect of pharmacokinetics, is subject to considerable variability influenced by an array of patient-related factors. The intricate interplay of age, individual differences, and pathological conditions significantly impact the binding dynamics and subsequent pharmacological effects.
Age stands as a key determinant in protein-drug binding. Neonates, characterized by low albumin content, experience heightened concentrations of unbound drugs such as phenytoin and...
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Drug Binding to Blood Components01:30

Drug Binding to Blood Components

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When drugs enter systemic circulation, they interact with various components of the blood, including proteins such as human serum albumin (HSA), α1-acid glycoprotein (AAG), lipoproteins, globulins, and red blood cells (RBCs).
HSA is the most abundant plasma protein and is vital in drug binding. It contains distinct drug-binding sites, with different drugs exhibiting affinity for specific sites. There are three main drug-binding domains for HSA: sites I, II, and III. These domains are...
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Globular Proteins01:27

Globular Proteins

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In organisms, proteins are the most abundant macromolecules. They act as the building blocks of life and play various crucial roles in the body. Proteins can be broadly classified into two distinct subtypes based on their shape and solubilities: globular proteins and fibrous proteins.
Globular proteins serve many important physiological functions, such as acting as enzymes, cellular messengers, and molecular transporters. These roles often require the proteins to be soluble in the aqueous...
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Composition of Blood Plasma01:24

Composition of Blood Plasma

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Blood plasma is a fluid that contains approximately 92% water and 8% solutes. The solutes include various types of proteins, which constitute about 7% of the total solutes in the plasma. The high-molecular-weight proteins—albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen—are essential to plasma function. Albumins, making up about 60% of the plasma proteins, maintain the osmotic balance within blood vessels by preventing excessive water leakage. Additionally, albumins serve as carrier proteins,...
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Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method
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Serum Albumin: A Multifaced Enzyme.

Giovanna De Simone1, Alessandra di Masi1, Paolo Ascenzi2,3

  • 1Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Roma, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a versatile plasma protein with crucial roles in fluid balance, drug transport, and detoxification. Its intrinsic enzymatic activities are vital for metabolism and can be harnessed for green chemistry applications.

Keywords:
aldolase activityanti-oxidant activityenolase activityenzymatic propertiesesterase activityglucuronidase activityhuman serum albuminhuman serum heme-albuminperoxidase activity

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Proteomics
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant plasma protein.
  • It plays key roles in maintaining oncotic pressure and fluid distribution.
  • HSA is a primary carrier for fatty acids, metal ions, and drugs, influencing their pharmacokinetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the intrinsic and metal-dependent enzymatic properties of HSA.
  • To highlight the physiological relevance of HSA's catalytic activities.
  • To explore the potential applications of HSA in green chemistry.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of HSA's biochemical and enzymatic functions.
  • Analysis of HSA's role in metabolism and detoxification.
  • Examination of HSA's catalytic properties and their modulation.

Main Results:

  • HSA exhibits esterase, enolase, glucuronidase, and peroxidase (pseudo)-enzymatic activities.
  • These activities are crucial for metabolizing endogenous and exogenous compounds, including lipids, drugs, and reactive oxygen species (ROS).
  • HSA's catalytic properties are influenced by various factors like allosteric effectors, inhibitors, modifications, and aging.

Conclusions:

  • HSA possesses significant intrinsic and metal-dependent enzymatic properties vital for physiological processes.
  • Its antioxidant and detoxification functions are critical.
  • HSA serves as a valuable scaffold for developing novel catalysts in green chemistry for environmental remediation.