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Related Concept Videos

Thermal Insulation in Masonry Walls01:22

Thermal Insulation in Masonry Walls

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In hot, dry climates, the thermal mass of masonry walls can be beneficial, absorbing heat during the day and releasing it at night, thereby stabilizing indoor temperatures. However, in most other climates, additional insulation is necessary to enhance thermal resistance.
External insulation can be applied using an Exterior Insulation and Finish System (EIFS), which involves affixing panels of plastic foam to the wall and covering them with a polymeric stucco reinforced with glass fiber mesh....
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Composite Masonry Walls01:18

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Composite masonry walls combine multiple wythes of the same or different masonry materials to create a unified structure. These walls feature wythes that are bonded together either through mortar-filled collar joints, grouted spaces, or more commonly, with rigid metal ties and reinforcements, with the use of masonry header units being rare. Metal ties are preferred because they effectively minimize water penetration, as these walls primarily absorb moisture and then release it into the...
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Masonry Curtain Walls01:20

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Masonry curtain walls employ brick or stone veneers supported by the building's structure to form an external cladding system that is both aesthetically appealing and functional. These walls are erected through two principal techniques, first by traditional layering of masonry units and second by using prefabricated panels. Traditional construction relies on steel shelf angles attached to the spandrel beam for support, with high-bond mortars ensuring secure attachment of masonry veneer...
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Masonry Cavity Walls01:26

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Cavity walls feature a hollow space between the outer and inner wythes, connected only by corrosion-resistant metal ties. When water seeps through the outer wythe, it descends within this cavity, intercepted by flashing and eventually exiting through weep holes. To enhance moisture resistance, the inner wythe's cavity side often receives damp-proofing, doubling as an air barrier. The cavity can also house insulation to mitigate heat transfer.
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Expansion and Contraction in Masonry Walls01:19

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Masonry walls are subject to slight expansion and contraction due to variations in temperature and moisture. Thermal movement in masonry is relatively straightforward to measure and plan for. On the other hand, moisture movement poses more of a challenge. New clay masonry units typically absorb water and expand over time under normal environmental conditions. Conversely, new concrete masonry units tend to shrink as they lose the excess moisture acquired during their production process.
To...
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Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions01:21

Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions

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In cold weather, masonry construction requires specific precautions to ensure mortar does not freeze before curing, as this can significantly weaken its strength and watertightness. Mortar temperature should be maintained between 60°F and 80°F to support proper hydration and curing. Below 40°F, mortar water must be heated, but should not exceed 120°F as high temperatures can reduce mortar's compressive and bond strength.
Other key practices include keeping masonry units...
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Potential Phase Change Materials in Building Wall Construction-A Review.

Abdulaziz Kurdi1, Nasser Almoatham1, Mark Mirza2

  • 1The National Centre for Building and Construction Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Phase change materials (PCMs) enhance building thermal mass, reducing heating and cooling costs. This study evaluates suitable PCMs for walls, recommending direct concrete admixture integration for cost-effectiveness.

Keywords:
butyl stearateencapsulationfatty acidhydrate saltsparaffinphase change materials (PCMs)

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Area of Science:

  • Building Science
  • Materials Science
  • Sustainable Architecture

Background:

  • Phase Change Materials (PCMs) offer significant thermal mass properties for buildings.
  • Integrating PCMs can reduce operational energy costs for heating and cooling.
  • Limited PCMs are suitable for building wall applications, necessitating critical evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate Phase Change Materials (PCMs) for building wall applications.
  • To assess the inclusion methods of PCMs within building wall structures.
  • To identify and detail the most suitable PCMs for construction.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and critical evaluation of existing research on PCMs.
  • Focus on physical and thermal properties of PCMs relevant to building walls.
  • Analysis of PCM integration techniques, emphasizing cost-effectiveness.

Main Results:

  • Identified four key PCMs for building walls: paraffin wax, fatty acids, hydrated salts, and butyl stearate.
  • Detailed their physical and thermal properties for construction suitability.
  • Direct application of PCMs in concrete admixtures identified as the most economical integration method.

Conclusions:

  • Paraffin wax, fatty acids, hydrated salts, and butyl stearate are suitable for building walls.
  • Direct incorporation into concrete admixtures is the most cost-effective method.
  • Ensuring PCM integrity (no leakage) is crucial for effective building integration.