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Hepatitis E Virus Immunopathogenesis.

Kush Kumar Yadav1, Scott P Kenney1

  • 1Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.

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|September 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes severe hepatitis, especially in pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals. Research is ongoing to understand HEV

Keywords:
hepatitis Eimmunocompromisedin vitroin vivomodelspregnant

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging pathogen causing acute hepatitis via fecal-oral transmission.
  • Recent decades show zoonotic and bloodborne HEV transmission, prompting pathogenesis research.
  • HEV poses a lethal threat to pregnant women and immunocompromised patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in HEV immunopathophysiology.
  • To elucidate HEV pathogenesis in general, pregnant, and immunocompromised populations.
  • To detail in vitro and in vivo models for studying HEV.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of HEV pathogenesis and immunopathophysiology.
  • Analysis of host (immunological, nutritional, hormonal) and viral factors.
  • Examination of in vitro and in vivo experimental models.

Main Results:

  • HEV virulence in pregnant women, particularly in the third trimester, remains poorly understood.
  • Chronic hepatitis is a fatal outcome in solid organ transplant recipients.
  • Host and viral factors are being investigated as determinants of HEV severity.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding HEV pathogenesis is crucial for managing severe cases in vulnerable populations.
  • Further research into immunopathophysiology and host-viral interactions is needed.
  • Established models aid in dissecting HEV virulence mechanisms.