Integrating Dietary Data into Microbiome Studies: A Step Forward for Nutri-Metaomics
Francisca Yáñez1,2, Zaida Soler1,2, Manon Oliero1
1Gut Microbiome Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
Nutrients
|September 28, 2021
Summary
This study developed and validated a simplified food frequency questionnaire (sFFQ) to link diet and gut microbiome. The sFFQ showed acceptable agreement, correlating dietary intake with microbial diversity and composition.
Area of Science:
- Microbiome research
- Nutritional science
- Dietary assessment
Background:
- Diet significantly influences gut microbiota composition and activity.
- A lack of detailed dietary information challenges microbiome studies.
- Linking habitual diet to microbiome data is crucial for understanding host-microbe interactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a web-based, semi-quantitative simplified food frequency questionnaire (sFFQ).
- To correlate dietary intake data from the sFFQ with gut microbiome profiles.
- To provide a validated tool for population studies integrating diet and microbiome data.
Main Methods:
- Two studies were conducted (n=84 total): a pilot study (n=40) to develop the sFFQ using 24-hour dietary recalls (24HRs), and a validation study (n=44) comparing sFFQ to 24HRs.
- Statistical methods including intraclass correlation coefficient, cross-classification, Spearman's correlation, Wilcoxon test, and Bland-Altman plots were used for validation.
- Gut microbiome profiling was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and correlated with dietary and lifestyle data.
Main Results:
- The sFFQ demonstrated acceptable classification and agreement for 54% of food groups and 69% of nutrients compared to 24HRs.
- Microbial diversity was positively associated with age, vaginal birth, and fruit intake.
- Microbial diversity was negatively associated with BMI, processed meats, ready-to-eat meals, sodium, and saturated fat intake. Correlations between specific food groups/nutrients and microbial composition were identified.
Conclusions:
- A novel, validated sFFQ tool has been developed for assessing dietary intake in relation to gut microbiome data.
- The study highlights specific dietary patterns and nutrients associated with gut microbial diversity and composition.
- This research provides a foundation for future population studies investigating the complex interplay between diet and the gut microbiome.
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