Dietary Glycaemic Index Labelling: A Global Perspective

Area of Science:

• Food science and nutrition
• Public health policy
• Consumer protection

Background:

• The glycaemic index (GI) quantifies the acute effect of digestible carbohydrates on blood glucose levels.
• Current global food labeling regulations for GI information are inconsistent, despite its potential to aid blood glucose management.
• Consumer and health professional confidence is eroded by these regulatory discrepancies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and compare international regulations regarding glycaemic index (GI) claims on food labels.
• To highlight the inconsistencies in GI claim regulations across different countries and regions.
• To advocate for global harmonization of GI labeling policies.

Main Methods:

• Comparative analysis of food labeling regulations in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Singapore, India, China, USA, Canada, and the European Union.
• Review of existing food standard codes and voluntary labeling provisions related to GI.
• Identification of regulatory frameworks governing GI claims and endorsements.

Main Results:

• Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Singapore, and India have specific regulations or endorsements for GI claims.
• GI claims are permitted but not specifically regulated in China and the USA.
• GI claims are not legal under current food law in Canada and the European Union.

Conclusions:

• Significant global inconsistencies exist in the regulation of glycaemic index (GI) claims on food labels.
• Harmonization of international food standards for GI claims and endorsements is necessary.
• Standardized global provisions for GI information on food labels would support individuals with diabetes and those at risk.