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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cellular Immunotherapy and the Lung.

Sorcha Daly1, Andrew O'Sullivan2, Ronan MacLoughlin2,3,4

  • 1College of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.

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Cellular immunotherapies show promise for treating lung infections. This review explores their use against respiratory viruses, focusing on inhaled delivery methods for enhanced treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Respiratory Medicine
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Cellular immunotherapies, including adoptive T cell therapies, cancer vaccines, NK cell therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, represent advanced strategies for disease treatment.
  • Respiratory diseases are a leading global cause of mortality, with viral infections posing a significant public health challenge, exacerbated by recent pandemics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of cellular immunotherapies in treating lung diseases, particularly viral respiratory infections.
  • To explore the potential of various cellular immunotherapy approaches and administration routes, with a focus on inhaled therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preclinical and clinical studies on cellular immunotherapies for respiratory viral infections.
  • Analysis of different cellular immunotherapy types and their efficacy in lung disease models.
  • Investigation of administration routes, emphasizing inhaled delivery systems.

Main Results:

  • Cellular immunotherapies, primarily developed for cancer, show emerging potential in combating respiratory viral infections.
  • Preclinical and clinical data suggest efficacy for various cellular immunotherapy strategies against lung viruses.
  • Inhaled administration routes are being explored for targeted delivery and improved outcomes in respiratory tract infections.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular immunotherapies offer a promising frontier for managing viral respiratory diseases.
  • Further research into inhaled cellular immunotherapies could lead to novel treatment paradigms for lung infections.
  • The review highlights the expanding role of cellular immunotherapy beyond oncology into infectious disease