[COVID-19 pandemic. What have we learned?]

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Pathology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Context:

• The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has significantly impacted pediatric health since March 2020.
• Children exhibit infection rates similar to adults, but generally with milder symptoms.

Purpose:

• To review the role of SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric pathology.
• To summarize clinical presentations, management, and broader health impacts in children during the pandemic.

Summary:

• Most pediatric COVID-19 cases are mild or asymptomatic, with low rates of hospitalization and intensive care. Common diagnoses include respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, with multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) being a serious concern requiring treatment.
• Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infections are generally mild, with very low vertical transmission rates, and safe cohabitation and breastfeeding are possible.
• Primary care played a crucial role in managing pediatric cases, but collateral damage from healthcare access difficulties and isolation has severely affected children's mental health. Schooling has not increased infections and is vital for overall child well-being.

Impact:

• Highlights the generally mild course of COVID-19 in children while emphasizing the importance of recognizing and treating MIS-C.
• Underscores the minimal risk of vertical transmission and the safety of breastfeeding for infected mothers.
• Addresses the significant mental health consequences and the benefits of maintaining safe school environments for children's health and education.