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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
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Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Two-Dimensional Graphdiyne-Confined Platinum Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution and Oxygen Reduction Reactions.

Li Xin Chen1, Ming Jiang1, Zhuole Lu1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Suite 140, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|September 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Two-dimensional graphdiyne (GDY) enhances platinum (Pt) catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This 2D confinement improves stability, activity, and inhibits CO poisoning.

Keywords:
density functional theorygraphdiynehydrogen evolution reactionoxygen reduction reactionplatinum catalysttwo-dimensional confinement effect

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Platinum (Pt)-based materials are leading catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
  • Improving the catalytic activity and stability of Pt-based catalysts remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of two-dimensional (2D) graphdiyne (GDY) as a covering layer on Pt catalysts for HER and ORR.
  • To explore the 2D confinement effect of GDY on the catalytic performance and stability of Pt.

Main Methods:

  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to model the GDY/Pt(111) interface.
  • Analysis of catalytic activity, stability, and CO poisoning inhibition through theoretical calculations.

Main Results:

  • The 2D GDY layer enhances Pt catalyst stability by forming a heterogeneous GDY/Pt(111) interface.
  • GDY/Pt(111) exhibits improved catalytic activities for HER (0.26 V) and ORR (0.51 V) compared to bare Pt (0.29 V for HER, 0.62 V for ORR).
  • GDY confinement weakens CO adsorption energy to -1.81 eV, mitigating CO poisoning.

Conclusions:

  • 2D graphdiyne confinement offers a new strategy to enhance the performance of Pt-based catalysts for HER and ORR.
  • The findings provide insights into utilizing 2D materials for advanced electrocatalyst design.