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Climate cascades affect coastal Antarctic seafloor ecosystem functioning.

Andrew M Lohrer1, Alf M Norkko2,3, Simon F Thrush4

  • 1National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand.

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|September 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Polar seafloor ecosystems are sensitive to climate change. Declining sea ice increases food supply to the benthos, rapidly altering Antarctic marine communities and ecosystem functions.

Keywords:
benthic oxygen consumptionepifaunafluxesland-fast sea icemacro-infaunanutrient regenerationseafloor food supplyunder-ice algae

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Ecology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Antarctic Science

Background:

  • Polar seafloor ecosystems are traditionally considered highly stable.
  • Warming-induced sea ice decline is altering food supply to these ecosystems.
  • The cascading effects on benthic communities and functions are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate climate-driven changes in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica.
  • Understand how altered food fluxes impact seafloor communities.
  • Assess the pace of ecological shifts in response to warming.

Main Methods:

  • Compared satellite sea ice data (2002-2009 vs. 2010-2017).
  • Analyzed sediment algal pigment concentrations (chlorophyll a, phaeophytin).
  • Measured seafloor ecosystem metabolism and analyzed invertebrate community composition.

Main Results:

  • Increased ice-free days and proximity to open water observed in recent years.
  • Higher sediment algal pigments linked to major sea ice breakouts (2014-2017).
  • Seafloor metabolism, invertebrate density, and community composition shifted with increased food supply.

Conclusions:

  • Antarctic seafloor ecosystems are highly sensitive to climate warming.
  • Ecological shifts can occur rapidly, challenging previous stability paradigms.
  • Warming impacts Antarctic marine trophic cascades and high-latitude habitats.