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Modular Integration of Hydrogel Neural Interfaces.

Anthony Tabet1,2,3,4, Marc-Joseph Antonini5,2,3, Atharva Sahasrabudhe6,3,2

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|September 29, 2021
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Researchers developed a new method for creating advanced neural probes using a novel hydrogel cladding. This technique enables simultaneous electrical, optical, and microfluidic functions, improving neural interface capabilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Multifunctional fiber-based neural probes offer significant potential for advanced neuroscience research and clinical applications.
  • Current fabrication methods face challenges in material compatibility and labor-intensive integration of functional components.
  • Passive polymer cladding in existing probes occupies significant volume without contributing to functionality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rapid, robust, and modular approach for creating multifunctional fiber-based neural interfaces.
  • To integrate electrical, optical, and microfluidic modalities into a single neural probe.
  • To enhance the capabilities of neural probes for simultaneous optogenetics, electrophysiology, and targeted drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a solvent evaporation or entrapment-driven (SEED) integration process.
  • Developed a copolymer of water-soluble poly(ethylene glycol) and water-insoluble poly(urethane) (PU-PEG) for probe cladding.
  • Synthesized custom nanodroplet-forming block polymers for enhanced molecular delivery.

Main Results:

  • Successfully created multifunctional neural probes with integrated electrical, optical, and microfluidic capabilities.
  • Demonstrated simultaneous optogenetics and electrophysiology using the developed probes.
  • Showcased the hydrogel cladding's ability to harbor and release small molecules and nanomaterials for cellular cargo delivery with high viability.
  • Validated *in vitro* and *in vivo* delivery of hydrophobic small molecules using embedded nanodroplet-forming polymers.

Conclusions:

  • The SEED process provides a rapid, robust, and modular method for fabricating advanced multifunctional neural interfaces.
  • The PU-PEG hydrogel cladding enables seamless integration of multiple modalities and offers a platform for localized therapeutic delivery.
  • This approach expands the chemical toolbox and enhances the functional capabilities of fiber-based neural probes for diverse biomedical applications.