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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
265
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

47
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

71
Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
71
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

82
The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Digital PCR for Quantifying Circulating MicroRNAs in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Disease
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Diffusion biomarkers in chronic myocardial infarction.

Tanjib Rahman1, Kévin Moulin2, Daniel B Ennis2

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.

Functional Imaging and Modeling of the Heart : ... International Workshop, FIMH ..., Proceedings. FIMH
|September 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac diffusion tensor imaging revealed significant microstructural changes after myocardial infarction in swine hearts. Key diffusion parameters like mean diffusivity increased, while fractional anisotropy decreased in damaged regions.

Keywords:
Cardiac Diffusion Tensor ImagingCardiac MicrostructureMyocardial InfarctionRadial Diffusivity

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiac MRI

Background:

  • Cardiac diffusion tensor imaging (cDTI) assesses cardiomyocyte architecture and disease-related remodeling.
  • Understanding microstructural changes post-myocardial infarction (MI) is crucial for disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify ex vivo microstructural changes in swine hearts 6-10 weeks after myocardial infarction using cDTI.
  • To compare diffusion tensor invariants and eigenvalues between infarct/border zones and remote myocardium.

Main Methods:

  • Ex vivo cDTI was performed on swine hearts (N=7) post-myocardial infarction at 1mm isotropic resolution.
  • Diffusion tensor invariants (FA, mode, MD), radial diffusivity, and eigenvalues were analyzed.
  • Comparison was made between infarct, border, and remote myocardial regions.

Main Results:

  • Mean diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity significantly increased in infarct and border regions (p<0.01).
  • Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mode significantly decreased in infarct and border regions (p<0.01).
  • Diffusion tensor eigenvalues increased, particularly the secondary and tertiary eigenvalues, in damaged areas.

Conclusions:

  • Ex vivo cDTI effectively quantifies cardiac microstructural remodeling after myocardial infarction in swine.
  • Observed changes in diffusion parameters reflect significant cardiomyocyte disorganization and injury in infarct and border zones.
  • cDTI provides valuable insights into the tissue-level consequences of cardiac disease.