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Evaluation of EPI-Based Distortion Correction Techniques for Cardiac Diffusion Tensor Imaging.

Tyler E Cork1,2,3,4, Matthew J Middione1, Michael Loecher1

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Cardiac diffusion tensor imaging (cDTI) using echo planar imaging (EPI) is prone to distortion. Distortion correction techniques like TOPUP and DR-BUDDI improve geometric accuracy but reduce measurement precision. TOPUP is most suitable for cDTI applications.

Keywords:
FSL TOPUPTORTOISE DR‐BUDDIcardiac MRIdiffusion tensor imagingdistortion correction

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biophysics
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Cardiac diffusion tensor imaging (cDTI) is essential for assessing cardiac microstructure.
  • Echo planar imaging (EPI) readouts used in cDTI are susceptible to significant image distortions.
  • Existing distortion correction techniques, such as FSL TOPUP and TORTOISE DR-BUDDI, are primarily used in neurological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare the suitability of FSL TOPUP and TORTOISE DR-BUDDI for correcting EPI distortions in cDTI.
  • To determine which distortion correction technique offers the best performance for cDTI applications.

Main Methods:

  • cDTI data were acquired from 10 healthy volunteers using blip-up (BU) and blip-down (BD) EPI readouts.
  • Datasets were processed using both TOPUP and DR-BUDDI distortion correction software.
  • Image quality was assessed using geometric fidelity metrics (Dice Similarity Coefficient, Hausdorff Distance) and quantitative parametric maps (mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, helix angle pitch), along with uncertainty measurements.

Main Results:

  • Both TOPUP and DR-BUDDI significantly improved geometric fidelity (DSC and AHDepi) compared to uncorrected BU and BD data.
  • Distortion correction led to decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) and slightly altered mean diffusivity (MD).
  • Uncertainty measurements (dMD, dFA, de1) increased following distortion correction, with TOPUP showing slightly better results than DR-BUDDI.

Conclusions:

  • EPI distortion correction techniques enhance geometric accuracy in cDTI but decrease the precision of uncertainty measurements.
  • TOPUP demonstrates superior performance compared to DR-BUDDI for cDTI applications, offering a better balance between geometric correction and data precision.
  • Further optimization of distortion correction methods is warranted for robust cDTI analysis.