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Systematic review in evidence-based risk assessment.

Nawal Farhat1,2, Katya Tsaioun3, Patrick Saunders-Hastings1

  • 1School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.

ALTEX
|September 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Systematic reviews offer a structured approach to evidence synthesis, crucial for informed decision-making in medicine and toxicology. Their application aids in reducing animal testing and validating alternative methods in risk assessment.

Keywords:
clinical studiesevidence integrationevidence-based risk assessmentobservational studiesquality assessmentsystematic reviewtoxicological studies

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Area of Science:

  • Evidence-based toxicology
  • Risk assessment
  • Environmental health

Background:

  • Systematic reviews provide a structured, objective, and transparent framework for evidence summarization.
  • These methods, initially for clinical studies, are adapted by regulatory agencies for various assessment needs.
  • Systematic reviews are increasingly vital in environmental health and toxicology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the methodology and application of systematic reviews in scientific evidence synthesis.
  • To highlight the role of systematic reviews in reducing animal testing and validating alternative methods.
  • To describe the steps, best practices, and available tools for conducting systematic reviews.

Main Methods:

  • Summarizing evidence from human, animal, and mechanistic studies.
  • Adapting established systematic review methodologies for regulatory and toxicological assessments.
  • Presenting applications across clinical, observational, and experimental study designs.

Main Results:

  • Systematic reviews reduce reliance on animal test data and prevent duplicative experiments.
  • They are instrumental in validating alternative testing methods for human health risk assessment.
  • Evidence-based toxicology has advanced significantly, integrating mechanistic data and evidence.

Conclusions:

  • Wider adoption of systematic review methodology supports better implementation of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement).
  • Understanding the systematic review process is key to its effective application.
  • Available software tools can enhance the efficiency of conducting systematic reviews.