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Spontaneous Renal Rupture During Pregnancy: A Contemporary Literature Review and Guide to Management
Raquel T Cardenas1, Tucker E Doiron2, Abigail M Ramseyer3
1Resident, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK.
Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey
|September 29, 2021
Summary
Spontaneous renal rupture in pregnancy is rare but serious. Early diagnosis and management, often with stent or nephrostomy tube placement, lead to favorable maternal and fetal outcomes, though preterm delivery is a risk.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Nephrology
- Urology
Background:
- Spontaneous renal rupture during pregnancy is a rare but critical obstetric complication.
- It necessitates a high index of suspicion for prompt diagnosis and intervention to ensure positive maternal and fetal outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, management strategies, and potential complications associated with spontaneous renal rupture in pregnancy.
- To enhance awareness of this condition to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science databases.
- Fifty cases of spontaneous renal rupture in pregnancy were identified and analyzed for this review.
Main Results:
- The earliest reported case dates back to 1947.
- Rupture predominantly affects the right kidney and typically occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy.
- Pain was a universal symptom; management often involves stent or nephrostomy tube placement, with conservative approaches also documented.
Conclusions:
- Early diagnosis and appropriate management of spontaneous renal rupture in pregnancy are associated with favorable maternal and fetal prognoses.
- Preterm delivery remains the most frequent complication observed in these cases.
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