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COVID Border Accountability Project, a hand-coded global database of border closures introduced during 2020.

Mary A Shiraef1, Cora Hirst2, Mark A Weiss3

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The COVID Border Accountability Project (COBAP) created a detailed dataset of over 1000 international travel and immigration policies enacted in 2020. This resource tracks border closures and restrictions, aiding research on SARS-CoV-2 spread and economic impacts.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • International Relations
  • Data Science

Background:

  • Understanding the timing and nature of international travel and immigration policy changes is crucial for analyzing the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
  • Border closures have significant socioeconomic consequences that require detailed data for accurate assessment.
  • Existing data lacked a systematic, comprehensive timeline of country-level border policies during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the COVID Border Accountability Project (COBAP) dataset, a comprehensive record of international border policies during 2020.
  • To provide a systematized, hand-coded dataset enabling detailed analysis of movement restrictions and their characteristics.
  • To facilitate research on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the socioeconomic impacts of global border policies.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a hand-coded dataset (>1000 policies) detailing country-level restrictions on international movement in 2020.
  • Trained research assistants systematically sourced, categorized, and verified policy details including dates, closure type (complete/partial), exceptions, banned countries, and border types (air/land/sea).
  • Internal and external audits by public health experts ensured data accuracy; full policy texts were archived for verification and future data mining.

Main Results:

  • The COBAP dataset offers a complete timeline of over 1000 international border policies implemented globally in 2020.
  • Detailed categorization of policies includes start/end dates, closure severity, specific exceptions, and targeted countries/border types.
  • An interactive, time-based map on the COBAP website enhances data accessibility for policymakers and the public.

Conclusions:

  • The COBAP dataset provides an unprecedented resource for researchers studying the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on global travel and immigration.
  • The structured data supports in-depth analysis of policy effectiveness, disease transmission dynamics, and socioeconomic consequences.
  • The project's commitment to data verification and accessibility ensures its utility for diverse scientific and policy-making audiences.