Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Occlusion of the Great and Small Saphenous Vein Using Copolymeric Glue Based on N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate and Methacryloxy Sulfolane
08:05

Occlusion of the Great and Small Saphenous Vein Using Copolymeric Glue Based on N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate and Methacryloxy Sulfolane

Published on: December 9, 2022

4.5K

Chronic venous disease patients show increased IRS-4 expression in the great saphenous vein wall

Miguel A Ortega1,2,3, Oscar Fraile-Martínez1, Cielo García-Montero1

  • 1Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.

The Journal of International Medical Research
|September 30, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Insulin receptor substrate-4 (IRS-4) is elevated in varicose veins, suggesting its involvement in chronic venous disease (CVeD) pathogenesis. This finding highlights IRS-4 as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for CVeD.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Molecular Medicine
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Chronic venous disease (CVeD) is a prevalent condition affecting Western populations, characterized by venous wall integrity issues.
  • Varicose veins (VVs) are the primary manifestation of CVeD, linked to molecular alterations impacting cell signaling.
  • Insulin receptor substrate-4 (IRS-4) is a key adaptor protein in signaling pathways implicated in CVeD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Insulin receptor substrate-4 (IRS-4) in the pathogenesis of varicose veins (VVs).
  • To determine IRS-4 protein expression levels in VV tissue compared to healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Histopathological analysis of IRS-4 protein expression.
  • Comparative study between patients with CVeD and healthy individuals.

Main Results:

  • A significant upregulation of IRS-4 protein was observed in varicose vein tissue.
  • IRS-4 expression levels were notably higher in CVeD patients.

Conclusions:

  • IRS-4 expression is significantly increased in varicose veins, suggesting its implication in CVeD development.
  • IRS-4 represents a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for chronic venous disease.
Abstract

Keywords:
Chronic venous diseasediagnosticinsulininsulin receptor substrate-4insulin-like growth factor/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signalingmitogen-activated protein kinasetherapeutic targetvaricose vein

More Related Videos

Procedure for Human Saphenous Veins Ex Vivo Perfusion and External Reinforcement09:50

Procedure for Human Saphenous Veins Ex Vivo Perfusion and External Reinforcement

Published on: October 1, 2014

11.6K
Synergizing Antegrade Endoscopic with Bridging Vein Harvesting for Improvement of Great Saphenous Vein Graft Quality from the Lower Leg09:04

Synergizing Antegrade Endoscopic with Bridging Vein Harvesting for Improvement of Great Saphenous Vein Graft Quality from the Lower Leg

Published on: November 19, 2019

8.9K

Related Concept Videos

Varicose Veins I: Introduction01:26

Varicose Veins I: Introduction

Varicose veins, or varicosities, are abnormally dilated and twisted superficial veins caused by venous valve incompetence. This condition commonly affects the lower extremities, especially the saphenous veins, due to the higher pressure from prolonged standing and walking. However, varicosities can also occur in other areas, such as the esophagus, vulva, spermatic cords, and anorectal region.Etiology and typesPrimary varicose veins, often idiopathic, are more common in women due to inherent...
43
Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction01:30

Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction

Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...
79
Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:20

Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
68
Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:26

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...
50
Veins of Lower Limbs01:15

Veins of Lower Limbs

The human body consists of an intricate network of veins responsible for the crucial task of blood drainage from the lower limbs. These veins can be categorized into two main types: deep veins and superficial veins.
Formed by the union of the medial and lateral plantar veins, the posterior tibial vein, rising through the calf muscle, assimilates the fibular vein. The anterior tibial vein, a superior extension of the foot's dorsalis pedis vein, merges with the posterior tibial vein at the...
1.6K
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation01:27

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation

Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above...
587