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Trustworthiness is distinct from generosity in children.

Dorsa Amir1, W Shelby Parsons1, Richard E Ahl1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Boston College.

Developmental Psychology
|September 30, 2021
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Summary

Children demonstrate trustworthiness distinct from generosity. In a trust game, young children shared more resources when their actions were instrumental for cooperation, showing an early understanding of prosocial behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Social Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Interpersonal trust is crucial for cooperation and social networks.
  • Developmental research has focused on trustors, with limited understanding of trustworthiness origins.
  • Trustworthiness involves a prosocial tradeoff, raising questions about its distinction from generosity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental origins of trustworthiness in children.
  • To determine if trustworthiness is distinct from generosity in early childhood.
  • To examine children's understanding of reciprocal expectations in cooperative contexts.

Main Methods:

  • A preregistered study using an adapted Trust Game with 118 American children (5-8 years old).
  • Participants were assigned to either a Trustworthiness condition or a Generosity condition.
  • Behavioral sharing and expectations of the first party were measured.

Main Results:

  • Children in the Trustworthiness condition shared significantly more resources than those in the Generosity condition.
  • Children in the Trustworthiness condition anticipated greater expected sharing from the first party.
  • Results indicate trustworthiness is differentiated from generosity in childhood.

Conclusions:

  • Trustworthiness is a distinct prosocial behavior in childhood, separate from mere generosity.
  • Children possess an early capacity to understand and engage in reciprocal cooperation.
  • Findings shed light on the ontogeny of a fundamental aspect of social interaction.