Epigenetics Modifications in Large-Artery Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Epigenetics
• Molecular Biology
• Cardiovascular Research

Background:

• Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and RNA modifications, are increasingly recognized for their role in various diseases.
• While the link between epigenetics and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is growing, specific epigenetic drivers of large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and highlight the existing evidence on epigenetic mechanisms associated with the development of large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA).
• To identify potential epigenetic biomarkers for LAA within the context of acute ischemic stroke.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature search was conducted across eleven scientific databases for studies investigating epigenetic markers (DNA methylation, RNA modifications) and LAA.
• Studies were screened using predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria, and eligible studies underwent quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).

Main Results:

• Twenty-five eligible studies were analyzed, with six focusing on DNA methylation and nineteen on RNA modifications (miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs).
• Significant associations were found with hypomethylation of specific microRNAs (e.g., miR-7-2-3p, miR-16, miR-34a-5p), lncRNAs (ZFAS1), and circRNAs (hsa_circRNA_102488) in LAA.
• Promoter hypomethylation of MTRNR2L8 and ERα was also noted.

Conclusions:

• The current systematic review suggests that hypomethylation of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs may serve as potential biomarkers for large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA).
• Further research into these epigenetic alterations could lead to improved diagnostic strategies for acute ischemic stroke patients with LAA.