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Related Experiment Video

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Using a Comparative Species Approach to Investigate the Neurobiology of Paternal Responses
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Partial paternity does not always select for female-biased care.

Priya Iyer1, Abhishek Shukla2

  • 1Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|October 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Parentage differences do not always mean less male parental care. A trade-off between paternal care and mating opportunities is key; without it, sex roles in caregiving may not change. Male care is possible even with multiple mating partners.

Keywords:
Extra-pair matingsmate-guardingmating-caring trade-offparentageparental rolespaternity

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Game Theory

Background:

  • Theoretical models predict reduced male parental care when females mate multiply.
  • This prediction assumes a trade-off between paternal care and extra-pair mating benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the generality of existing predictions on sex roles in parental care.
  • To investigate the influence of parentage differences on the evolution of parental care strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of simple evolutionary game models.
  • Analysis of the conditions influencing the evolutionary stable strategy (ESS) for parental care.
  • Agent-based simulations to support theoretical predictions.

Main Results:

  • The relationship between paternal care and extra-pair mating fitness is crucial.
  • A trade-off is necessary for parentage differences to favor female care.
  • Absence of a trade-off means parentage differences do not alter ESS sex roles.
  • Positive relationships can select for male care, as can paternity guarding opportunities.

Conclusions:

  • Existing theories may oversimplify the evolution of parental care by assuming trade-offs.
  • Male parental care can evolve even with partial paternity and complete maternity under specific conditions.
  • The conditions favoring male care are more nuanced than previously thought.