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Optimal control-based vaccination and testing strategies for COVID-19.

Alberto Olivares1, Ernesto Staffetti1

  • 1Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Camino del Molino 5, 28942 Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain.

Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
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Summary

Optimizing COVID-19 vaccination and testing strategies using mathematical models can reduce infections and save vaccine supplies. Early interventions are crucial for healthcare system resilience, but insufficient testing can increase symptomatic cases.

Keywords:
COVID-19 transmission dynamicsEpidemic compartmental modelOptimal controlSensitivity analysisVaccination and testing strategies

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Mathematical Modeling
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Limited availability of effective COVID-19 rapid tests and vaccines necessitates strategic allocation.
  • Understanding the impact of vaccination strategies on SARS-CoV-2 transmission under various resource constraints is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of different vaccination strategies on SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
  • To analyze scenarios with limitations in vaccine supply and rapid test availability.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized optimal control problems on a compartmental epidemic model.
  • Incorporated daily vaccination and testing rates as control variables.
  • Employed a direct transcription technique to solve problems with algebraic constraints.

Main Results:

  • Early control measures significantly reduce symptomatic infections, enhancing healthcare system resilience.
  • Vaccination strategies can be optimized to conserve vaccine supplies without increasing symptomatic cases.
  • Insufficient testing rates can lead to an increase in symptomatic infections.
  • Reduced vaccine efficacy significantly increases symptomatic infections.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal control of compartmental epidemic models offers a robust method for scheduling vaccination and testing policies.
  • This approach aids healthcare systems in effectively controlling SARS-CoV-2 spread.