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Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
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Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention

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Updates on Topical and Local Anesthesia Agents

Junaid Mundiya1, Edward Woodbine1

  • 1Department of Dentistry and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, 121 DeKalb Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America
|October 4, 2021
PubMed

Keywords:
Local anesthesiaLocal anesthesia deliveryLocal anesthesia potency and toxicityTopical anesthesia

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Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
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