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Related Concept Videos

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography01:18

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

440
Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
SFC utilizes a supercritical fluid mobile phase,...
440
Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

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Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

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High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
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Size-Exclusion Chromatography01:08

Size-Exclusion Chromatography

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In size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as molecular-exclusion or gel-permeation chromatography, molecules are separated based on their sizes. This technique is important for separating large molecules such as polymers and biomolecules. The two classes of micron-sized stationary phases encountered in SEC are silica particles and cross-linked polymer resin beads. Both materials are porous, but their pore sizes vary significantly.
Silica particles offer advantages such as rigidity,...
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

835
In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
835
Chromatographic Methods: Classification01:12

Chromatographic Methods: Classification

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Chromatographic techniques are classified in three ways: the classification is based on the physical state of the stationary and mobile phases, how the mobile phase and the stationary phase contact each other, or through the chemical or physical processes that isolate the components of the sample. Typically, the mobile phase is either a liquid or gas, while the stationary phase is either a solid or a liquid layer applied to a solid surface.
Chromatographic techniques are typically named by...
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Curtain Flow Column: Optimization of Efficiency and Sensitivity
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Emerging Separation Techniques in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography.

Kazuhiro Yamamoto1, Koichi Machida1, Akira Kotani1

  • 1Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences.

Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin
|October 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) offers unique separation capabilities. Recent advances in SFC techniques and applications, including water-containing modifiers for challenging biological molecules, are highlighted.

Keywords:
biological moleculeseparation techniquesupercritical fluid chromatography

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Separation Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) possesses distinct separation characteristics compared to HPLC and GC.
  • SFC is extensively utilized across biological, medical, and pharmaceutical domains.
  • Certain biological molecules, like amino acids, peptides, and small proteins, present analytical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) separation techniques.
  • To explore novel applications of SFC, particularly for challenging biological analytes.
  • To discuss the impact of water-containing modifiers in SFC for biomolecule analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of emerging SFC separation technologies.
  • Analysis of new column stationary phases and microfluidic systems.
  • Examination of two-dimensional and gas-liquid separation strategies in SFC.

Main Results:

  • Novel SFC techniques enhance separation efficiency and applicability.
  • Development of new stationary phases and microfluidic devices expands SFC capabilities.
  • SFC with water-containing modifiers shows promise for analyzing amino acids, peptides, and small proteins.

Conclusions:

  • Recent innovations are expanding the scope and utility of SFC.
  • SFC is becoming increasingly valuable for complex biological and pharmaceutical analyses.
  • The use of water-containing modifiers represents a significant advancement in SFC for biomolecule separation.