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Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Normothermic Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Mouse Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Published on: August 30, 2011
[Renal insufficiency in the context of cardio-pulmonary-renal pathophysiology]
Vedat Schwenger1, Insa E Emrich2, Felix Mahfoud2
1Klinik für Nieren‑, Hochdruck- und Autoimmunerkrankungen, Klinikum der Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart gKAöR, Katharinenhospital, Kriegsbergstr. 60, 70174, Stuttgart, Deutschland. sekretariat.schwenger@klinikum-stuttgart.de.
Abstract:
Heart failure and renal insufficiency as well as pulmonary hypertension are pathophysiologically closely associated as a cardio-renal or cardio-pulmonary-renal syndrome. Due to the frequent hospitalization of patients affected by this syndrome, it is of high medical and also health economic relevance. Besides the inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), multimodal treatment options are available with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors and sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors. Profound knowledge of the pathophysiology and the therapeutic options is as necessary for an optimized medical care as patient-oriented, transdisciplinary and cross-sectoral care.
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